Oil paintings have been prized since ages for their gloss and sheen. These
paintings are so called because the pigments present in the paint used for the
painting are bound together by particular oil which has the ability to dry up
quite fast, and bind the pigments together strongly. Usually, linseed oil is
used in these paintings, the trend of which began in early Europe. Oil paint
started to be made in India, in the 15th century and in Afghanistan, by
painters of Chinese origin. They were not incredibly popular in Europe until
the advent of the Renaissance. Until then, tempera paintings were the norm.
The oil paints are usually boiled with a specific resin or a varnish. Pine
resin and frankincense are commonly used. Apart from linseed oil, the other
oils that are used in oil paintings are safflower oil, and oil from the seeds
of poppy plants as well as walnut oil. The purpose behind using oils in the
paintings was that the oil provides a yellowing, or a variably drying effect on
the final work. Depending upon the kind of oil used, the sheen or the gloss of
a painting can be altered. At times, different kinds of oils are used on the
same painting to provide the desired effects according to the requirements of
the subject of the painting, and of course, the painter's preference.
Oil paintings are usually made on canvases made out of cotton cloth
stretched between wooden frames. This frame can be a strainer, or a stretcher.
A stretcher is quite adjustable, while a strainer is rigid and can't be
adjusted at the corners. The subject matter is first sketched onto the canvas
by the painter. This is done using either charcoal, or a kind of thinning
paint. The paint is applied to the painting using paintbrushes or cloth rags,
as required. Mineral spirits are at times used in the oil paint-varnish
mixture. Cold wax too is used sometimes. The rule of thumb when it comes to oil
paintings is that you should apply a thicker coat of paint on every previous
coat you have applied. If you do the opposite, and thin the coats as you keep
applying, the final painting may peel or crack.
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